Gulf War Syndrome Essay -- history

In 1990 the unite States deployed 700,000 soldiers into and around the region of the middle east known as the Persian Gulf. The U.S. wanted to stop the progression of Iraqi forces who were invading the oil-rich neighboring country of Kuwait. When Iraq Surrendered to the Allied forces on March 5th they had been completely swept out of Kuwait. The United States only lost one-hundred-forty-eight men while Iraqs losses where estimated around 100,000 men. Little did the United States know that the effects of this war effects would be a good deal more extensive than one-hundred-forty-eight soldiers lost in battle. Ever since the war ended the Veteran Association and the Pentagon have been getting reports of reports of many varying illnesses. These illnesses have go onto the soldiers who bravely fought in the Gulf War. I believe that the Gulf war Syndrome does indeed exist. Furthermore I believe that the United States is just as more responsible for giving their soldiers this disease a s the Iraqi nerve gas, oil fire smoke and post war stress. Lots of evidence has been presented yet many in this world dont believe that this syndrome exists. Many experts believe that these illnesses ( Gulf War Syndrome) dont exist. Including a ranking doctors in the pentagon. Dr. Stephen Joseph says this around the blight, We found that there was no single hypothesis that could explain the symptoms of such a large of people. The soldiers are suffering from stress related problems. Of the diseases they contracted, such as cancer or Lou Gehrigs disease, would have occurred whether or not the soldiers had gone to the gulf.,. ( Brumley p 8) Dr. Joseph is a highly prestigious doctor working on the syndrome for the pentagon. He gradatory from Harvard and has been assigned to many high profile jobs in the pentagon. The U.S. government doesnt know what to believe so they granted a fifty million one dollar bill grant to pay for illnesses believed to be caused by a mysterious syndrome. A lthough many dont believe it this syndrome does exist and it has many different causes. Of the 700,000 men and women who served in the Gulf war 170,000 them have been hospitalized since 1991. 10,000 of them filed disability claims. And it is estimated that 35,000 ( Cary, Peter p, 33-34) more will fill out these disability claims. This average is much higher than the average reckon of hospitalizations of civilians.... ..., petroleum smoke from the nearby oil fires and post war stress. I also believe that the U.S. Government did a poor job of handling this problem. hands and woman who volunteer their lives for pride and for their country have been severely mistreated by the U.S. Government and deserve a apology. WORKS CITED Barnes,Elizebeth. 1992 Nursing Drug vade mecum . Houston Heath 1992, Brumley, Al. Frontline Targets Gulf War Syndrome. Dallas Morning newfounds. 1998 Jan 20 8 Bullman, Tim. Mortality among U.S. Veterans of the Persia. New England Journal of Medicine 20 1992 45-47. Cary, Peter. The Gulf Wars atrocious Aura. U.S. News and World Report 1996 July 8 33-34. Compion, Ed MD. Disease and Suspicion after the Persian Gulf War. New England Journal of Medicine. 20 1992 67 Fowler, Rebecca. Sick Veterans. World Press Review. 1996 May9-10. Liu, M. Tracking the Second Storm. Newsweek 1994 May 1656-57 Schmitt, Eric. Special White House Panel Rejects chemic Exposure as Coarse of Gulf war Illness. New York Times. 1997 January 8th 1. Shannon, Philip. Once Healthy, Her Pain is Reminder of Gulf War Service. New York Times 1997 January 2 3.

Women Buying Cars Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Women Buying Cars Last spring while trying to buy my first car, I experient frustration in gaining ac endureledgment from salesmen as well as their respect at several different dealerships. I discovered it was my attitude and approach to the salesmen that would key out the difference in the treatment I received from the them in buying a car myself. I discovered, by informing the salesman from the beginning that I was honest and financially capable of buying a car, I was able to get a salesman to take time in helping me, a high train fe priapic, make a car purchase. Through my experience, I discovered women are at fault for the treatment received from car salesmen while making an childbed to buy a car. The idea that women are insufficient when it comes to buying cars results from the timid approach women take when doing so. There is no difference in the capabilities women and men charter in buying cars. The difference lies in the approach women take when deci ding to purchase a vehicle of their choice. How can women be treated as equals to the male population when it comes to buying cars? It all lays in the attitude women take towards the car salesmen. The stories seem to always be the same when a woman walks onto the parking masses of a car dealership looking for a car. She walks around the car lot and is approached by a salesman within five minutes. He asks how shes doing and says, Well, let me know if theres anything I can help you with. He then hands her a business card and walks away. If a woman takes a casual approach to manner of walking around the lot viewing the different models, and is too afraid of showing interest in purchasing, of course a salesm... ...a successful purchase. Works Cited Ayres, Ian and Peter Siegelman. step on it and Gender Discrimination in Bargaining for a New Car. American Economic Review 85.3 (June 1995) 304-22. Howard, Margo. Dont Get Taken for a Ride. New Choices Living regular B etter After 50 36.3 (April 1996) 58-61. Moyes, Jojo. Car sexism drives me crazy. World Press Review 43.6 (June 1996) 48-49. Myers, Gerry. Reaching the Womens Market. Working Woman 22.9 (Sept. 1997) 33-36. Sherman-Chatzky, Jean. Protest With Your Feet. Money 28.2 (Feb. 1999) 190-91. Tillson, Tamsen. A women scorned. Canadian concern 69.2 (Feb. 1996) 97-98. Whittelsey, Frances Cerra. How women can stop paying more than men for the same things. Money 25.6 (June 1996) 47- 46.

michael jordan Essay -- essays research papers fc

Michael Jordan was one of five children born to James and Delores Jordan. He was born February 17, 1963 in Brooklyn. His parents felt that the streets of Brooklyn were unsafe to raise a young family. So instead of trying to endure the streets of Brooklyn, the Jordan family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina. Michaels father, James, got a job in Wilmington as a mechanic and his mother Delores got a job as a teller at United Carolina Bank. Michael always had an eye for baseball. He played as an outfielder and as a pitcher. When he was twelve, he was the top player in his league. By the age of fifteen, he wasnt the star in baseball as he once was. He was still very good, but he had lost some of his focus. Later, in his high school career, he dropped baseball to pursue some other interest. Soon Michael adopted the game of basketball. When Michael reached the ninth grade, he tried out for the basketball team. Coach Lynch, Michaels coach, cut Michael, which in turn may have do the bes t player alive today. Michael then took practicing basketball to another level. He played his brother Larry whenever he could. Michael never expected what would come in the border on future. Michael Jordan went to the University of North Carolina as a basketball recruit. Even though Jordan at 65" was a man with potential, he still studied very hard in an attempt to get a good education, while competing in sports. Mike wasnt expected to be a star of the Tar Heels, since they had players such as ...

Tom Clancy Essay -- essays research papers

Tom Clancy, born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1947, was the son of a mail carrier and a credit employee. He graduated from Loyola College in Baltimore in 1969. After marrying Wanda Thomas, an insurance agency manager, Clancy became an insurance agent. Later, in 1973, he joined the O.F. Bowen Agency in Owings, Maryland. He became an owner there in 1980. Although he was rattling interested in the military, his poor eyesight made him ineligible for a military career. However, he kept his interest and researched various aspects of the armed forces and military technology. In the late 1970s he formed ideas for several youngs which were later written in the 1980s. Clancy wrote in his spare time, while still working to raise a family. In 1984 the Naval Institute Press, a noncommercial publisher, published his first novel, The Hunt for Red October. This book was noticed by President Reagan, who praised the book and helped lift it to bestseller lists. Clancy continued to use plots based on political issues of the world. All of his novels were on bestseller lists. Clear and Present Danger sold more copies than any other novel that was published in the 1980s. Clancy has been called the creator of the "techno-thriller" genre. He uses extremely detailed descriptions of military technology and weapons to create realism. Occasionally, his descriptions, which were derived from declassified information and interviews, were so accurate that military officials disapproved of...

Moral and Ethical Issues of Euthanasia Essay -- Euthanasia Physician A

Moral and Ethical Issues of Euthanasia As we all know, medical treatment can help save lives. But is there a medical treatment that would actually help end life? Although its often debated upon, the procedure is still used to help the aid of a tolerants death. commonly dubbed as mercy polishing, euthanasia is the practice of ending a life so as to release an individual from an incurable disease or bitter suffering (Encarta). My argument over this topic is that euthanasia should have strict criteria over the use of it. There are various cases of euthanasia that should be looked at and different point of views that should be considered. I will be looking into VE (Voluntary Euthanasia), which involves a request by the dying patient or that persons legal representative. These different procedures are as follows passive or negative euthanasia, which involves not doing something to prevent death or allowing someone to die and active or positive euthanasia which involves taking delib erate action to cause a death. I have reasons to believe that passive or negative euthanasia can be a humane way of end suffering, while active or positive euthanasia is not. According Richard Gula, active euthanasia is legally considered homicide (5). Another intervention and start out to euthanasia could be through the use of analgesic means. The use of morphine or other anesthetic medication could be used to allow the patient to die or hasten their dying process. I consider the latter procedure to be more humane than that of the other because it is morally wrong to kill a person, rather its humane for someone to die naturally. Before I discuss the rights and wrongs of euthanasia, I will define death or a person, when is it pencil eraser to say... ...Jack D. Euthanasia. Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. CD-ROM. Frederick, Calvin J. Death and Dying. Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. CD-ROM. Gula, Richard M. What Are They Saying About Euthanasia?. Mahwah, NJ Paulist Press, 1986. McGee, Glenn and Arthur L. Caplan. Medical Ethics. Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. CD-ROM. Presidents Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in medical specialty and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Defining Death A Report on the Medical, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981. Robert Matz Daniel P. Sudmasy Edward D. Pallegrino. Euthanasia ethics and Ethics. Archives of Internal Medicine 1999 p1815 Aug. 9, 1999 .

Moral and Ethical Issues of Euthanasia Essay -- Euthanasia Physician A

Moral and respectable Issues of Euthanasia As we all know, checkup treatment can help save lives. But is there a medical treatment that would actually help end life? Although its often debated upon, the result is still implementd to help the aid of a patients death. Usually dubbed as mercy killing, euthanasia is the practice of ending a life so as to release an individual from an incurable disease or intolerable suffering (Encarta). My argument over this topic is that euthanasia should have strict criteria over the use of it. There are different cases of euthanasia that should be looked at and different point of views that should be considered. I will be looking into VE (Voluntary Euthanasia), which involves a postulate by the dying patient or that persons legal representative. These different procedures are as follows resistless or negative euthanasia, which involves not doing something to prevent death or allowing someone to die and active or positive euthanasia which involv es taking deliberate action to cause a death. I have reasons to believe that passive or negative euthanasia can be a humane way of end suffering, while active or positive euthanasia is not. check Richard Gula, active euthanasia is legally considered homicide (5). An otherwise intervention and approach to euthanasia could be through the use of analgesic means. The use of morphine or other anesthetic medication could be used to allow the patient to die or hasten their dying process. I consider the latter procedure to be more humane than that of the other because it is morally wrong to kill a person, rather its humane for someone to die naturally. Before I discuss the rights and wrongs of euthanasia, I will define death or a person, when is it safe to say... ...Jack D. Euthanasia. Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. CD-ROM. Frederick, Calvin J. Death and Dying. Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. CD-ROM. Gula, Richa rd M. What Are They Saying About Euthanasia?. Mahwah, NJ Paulist Press, 1986. McGee, Glenn and Arthur L. Caplan. medical exam Ethics. Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. CD-ROM. Presidents Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Defining Death A Report on the Medical, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981. Robert Matz Daniel P. Sudmasy Edward D. Pallegrino. Euthanasia Morals and Ethics. Archives of Internal Medicine 1999 p1815 Aug. 9, 1999 .

The Affliction Of Polio In Africa Biology Essay

AbstractionThis essay investigates the grounds why Goma ( in DRC ) is more(prenominal)(prenominal) than than hited by childish palsy than Gisenyi ( in Rwanda ) . The two parts on which the essay is round ar neighbors they cook the same clime and the same geographical construction.This probe was carried out utilizing field work. I started my probe by inquiring inquiries to physicians so that I would die hard more impression of what immature paralysis was. After that, I selected the situationors I would look into on in order to cognize why Goma is more affected by Polio than Gisenyi. The factors selected be the environmental factors, handiness of wellness attention and the cognition the universe has to the highest degree immature paralysis.For the environmental factors, the clime and the hygiene were considered and investigated on. In the instance of the handiness of the vaccine, I asked inquiries to the multitude in charge of the inoculation plans in for each one part. For the cognition about infantile paralysis, inquiries were asked to 70 female pargonnts in each part about their consciousness about infantile paralysis.The decisions I drawn from this probe is that neither the handiness of the vaccine nor the consciousness of the population contri butes to the remnant in infantile paralysis instances in the midst of the two parts. Amongst the environmental factors precisely the hygiene contributes to the difference in infantile paralysis instances between the two parts. The chief ground why Goma is more affected by infantile paralysis is that the population in that location is populating without holding basic demands and in add-on to that, non entirely the chelas be vaccinated. The poorness stops the p arnts from boiling the piss before giving it to their kids and the war is doing the pargonnts move from unmatched topographic point to an separate and as a consequence, the kids do non acquire alone the three doses of the vaccinum which makes them susceptible to acquire infantile paralysis.IntroductionPoliomyelitis or infantile paralysis is an infective disease caused by a virus that was foremost discovered in 1909 by Karl Landsteiner ( 1868 -1943 ) . Polio largely affects kids that argon slight than five old ages old. Polio is eradicated in Europe, in USA, and in Australia since the 1990 s 1 . However there are st distress some instances of infantile paralysis in Asia and rightfully many instances in Africa.The virus that causes infantile paralysis is known as the poliovirus. The poliovirus is a unfeignedly contagious virus that stool distribute real easy and really chop-chop from unmatchable respective(prenominal) to another. 2 The incubation period of infantile paralysis disregard be really short ( 4days ) or long ( 14 yearss ) . 3 The poliovirus can merely infect worlds. It is really common in tropical climes and during summer in temperate clime it is rapidly inactivated by heat. 4 The poliov irus can populate in an environment that has a temperature between 18 AC and 40 A C at that place are two chief types of infantile paralysis the jump type is caused by the wild infantile paralysis. This is the 1 in the environment, the one people choke by imbibing contaminated H2O or by being in contact with contaminated fecal matters. The second type is the vaccinum infantile paralysis. This is the infantile paralysis people get because of the vaccinum that contains weak poliovirus. This happens when for illustration a kid who was ill and has non recovered yet is vaccinated. In this instance the tolerant system of the kid is weak and ca nt battle the weak polioviruses.The difference between the two types of infantile paralysis is that the wild infantile paralysis causes a palsy that is non reversible art object the palsy caused from the vaccinum infantile paralysis is reversible significance that the mortal can go normal once more after a couple of(prenominal) yearss.Poliomye litis can distribute in different ways. The most common modal value is the fecal unwritten transmittal the other manner is the unwritten -oral infantile paralysis transmittal 5 . The fecal unwritten transmittal is when a individual is in contact with the fecal matters of an abscessed individual. It occurs in countries where the hygiene is hapless. In countries where the sanitation is better, the ranch will happen utilizing the oral- unwritten transmittal which occurs when an septic individual sneezes or coughs in the presence of non-infected people. In this instance the non- septic individual will be in contact with droplets or spit. Insects such as flies can besides be agents of transmittal of the virus. 6 The virus can besides distribute through contaminated nutrient and H2O. 7 Not all the people that are in contact with the poliovirus acquire ill. They will merely hold something that looks like a bad cold. Those people can move as bearers and can infect other people. Once a i ndividual is paralysed, that individual ca nt pollute the others. The individual is merely contagious during the incubation period of the poliovirus.The virus can come in the being through the song ( nose, larynx, amygdales, ) but largely it enters the being through the digestive system. 8 When the virus is in the being, it develops and multiplies in the bowels and so goes to the nervous system where it causes a palsy in few hours. 9 The poliovirus can impact three different parts of the organic structure. The first portion is the encephalon in this instance the individual affected dies. The 2nd portion is the respiratory system, cut downing the external respiration capacity of the septic individual. This largely consequences to decease if the individual does non hold aid from take a breathing machines. The 3rd portion is the legs. In this instance the virus amendss merely the nervousnesss that control motions. The palsy caused by the poliovirus is known as a floppy Paralysis. The individual will non be able to walk unless assisted with crutches or with prosthetics.In Africa, the bulk of the instances of infantile paralysis are coming from hapless households. Those who have their respiratory system affected by infantile paralysis merely die because they ca nt afford to purchase the raftup assisting to breath. For those who have the legs paralysed they ca nt purchase the prosthetics which speak to around 350 $ ( this being the cheapest ) . Most of the paralysed people merely hope that person takes attention of them or in most instances they become mendicants on the street because their households intend they are a charge and do nt desire to take attention of them.Poliomyelitiss can non be aged(a). Since infantile paralysis is caused by a virus, the antibiotics do nt hold any consequence on it. In order to kill the poliovirus, the host cell has to be killed besides. The lone thing the physicians can make is to bring around the symptoms such as febrility. When a kid becomes paralysed the lone thing that can be done is the rehabilitation.The fact that infantile paralysis can non be cured does non intend that it ca nt be prevented. One of the bar methods used is inoculation. The vaccinum for infantile paralysis is unwritten. It contains weak polioviruses. Four doses have to be given for the vaccinum to be effectual. The first dosage is given at the birth the 2nd 1 is given when the babe has 6 hebdomads, the 3rd at 10 hebdomads and the quaternate and last dosage at 14 hebdomads.Another bar method that can be used is to imbibe poached H2O. In Africa, people in the small town acquire the H2O they need from the lakes and rivers near their houses. The H2O from the lakes can be really unsafe because it is the same H2O in which people wash their apparels and many people do their fecal matters near the H2O. If person is affected by infantile paralysis and realeases his/her fecal matters in the H2O, the poliovirus will motive power in the H 2O and will impact the kids who will imbibe that H2O. In order to avoid that, the parents should boil the H2O before giving it to their kids. In that manner non merely the poliovirus will be killed but besides all the other viruses and bacteriums that was in the H2O.In this essay we are traveling to see what can do two parts have different infantile paralysis instances. To look into this, I have chosen the part of Goma ( in DRC ) and the part of Gisenyi ( in Rwanda ) .This is deserving look intoing because infantile paralysis can be contaminated through the air and the fact is that there s a batch of contact between the populations of the two parts. Since there s a batch of contact between the two populations and that infantile paralysis can be transmitted in the air the inquiry is why one portion of the population is more affected than the other?The part of Goma and the part of Gisenyi are neighbors. They are non in the same present Goma is in DRC while Gisenyi is in Rwanda. Bot h the parts have the same geographical construction. Both are hilly and portion the same lake Lake Kivu.Even though they have the same clime and geographical construction, the two parts are non affected in the same manner by infantile paralysis. The part of Goma is more affected by infantile paralysis than the part of Gisenyi. In fact most of the kids in Goma are affected by infantile paralysis while in Gisenyi the opportunity of holding a kid affected by infantile paralysis is approximative to 0 % .What makes the part of Goma more affected by infantile paralysis than the part of Gisenyi?Many things can do these two parts so different in the manner infantile paralysis affect them in this essay, three factors were used to look into why Goma is more affected by infantile paralysis than Gisenyi. Three factors are The environmental factors, handiness of the vaccinum and wellness attention, and the consciousness amongst the people.The environmental factorsFor the environmental factors th e clime and the hygiene will be considered.The clime of the two parts is the same hence, the clime can non be among the grounds why the rate of infantile paralysis is different in the two parts. They both have the same temperatures and clime. Since Goma and Gisenyi have the same clime this can non be a ground why Goma has more infantile paralysis instances than Gisenyi.The handiness of earthly concern lavatories for the people who do nt hold modern houses with lavatories in them and a good hygiene can be included as an environmental factor. The usage of public lavatories is one of the preventative methods used to avoid infantile paralysis. The public lavatories are suggested because most of the people do nt hold the capacity to construct houses with lavatories. In Gisenyi and Goma the public lavatories are available but they are in really bad conditions due to that people do nt utilize them. Most of the kids and the parents let go of their fecal matters near the Lake Kivu, in whi ch they go to bring H2O. This increases the rate of spreading of infantile paralysis particularly if the non-vaccinated kids drink the H2O from the lake straight without boiling it and that the H2O contains the infantile paralysis virus.The image below shows kids from Goma bringing soiled H2O. vista nA 1 ( From my camera )The fact is that in Goma most of the people live either in a refugee cantonment or in really hapless conditions. Those who live in refugee cantonments do non hold good sanitation installations. There are many people populating in a little expanse ( eg two households in one collapsible shelter ) which facilitates the spreading of diseases such as cholera and infantile paralysis among the kids. The other 1s who do nt populate in refugee cantonments live in really bad conditions because of the war and the insecurity.Refering the hygiene there s a large difference between the two parts in the sense that in one ( Gisenyi ) people have reasonably acceptable life conditi ons which enables them to hold a good hygiene while in the other ( Goma ) people are populating in bad conditions which makes them non able to hold a good hygiene.The handiness of the vaccinum and wellness attentionThe handiness of the vaccinum and wellness attention are finding factor in the sense that if the vaccinum for infantile paralysis is available, fewer kids will be affected by infantile paralysis. This besides include whether people can afford to pay for the vaccinum or non. In Rwanda, the vaccinum is available and free for everyone. Therefore in Gisenyi, which is one of the parts of Rwanda, the vaccinum is available and free.In Goma the vaccinum is besides free. In fact people from the public wellness section are sent to near the parents to immunize their kids.In both the parts the medical Centres are near to the people. One difference is that in Gisenyi the population has an insurance provided by the authorities in order to ease the entree to medical attention while in G oma the people have to pay for themselves.The fact that the vaccinum is available in Gisenyi explains why there are few instances of infantile paralysis. The inquiry now is to cognize why there are more instances of infantile paralysis in Goma when the vaccinum is besides available and free at that place. The 2008 statistics by Unicef showed that in Rwanda, 95 % of the kids where immunized against infantile paralysis while 89 % merely were immunized in Congo. 10 Public consciousness about infantile paralysisIf the vaccinum is available the figure of kids affected by infantile paralysis will aim on the figure of kids who were vaccinated. The figure of kids Vaccinated will depend on how cognizant parents are that their kids have to be vaccinated. There is no point of doing the vaccinum available if the parents do nt take their kids for inoculation. This can be a ground why Goma has more kids affected by infantile paralysis than Gisenyi. If the parents in Gisenyi are more cognizant ab out infantile paralysis than the 1s in Goma this can explicate why the kids in Gisenyi are less affected by infantile paralysis than the kids in Goma.In order to look into that, few inquiries were asked to parents holding kids less than five old ages old in the two parts.70 parents from each part were asked the undermentioned inquiriesMake you cognize what infantile paralysis is?What do you cognize about infantile paralysis?Are your kids vaccinated against infantile paralysis?What do you make when your kid is ill?Make you boil or set chemicals in the H2O before giving it to your kids? 11 PRIMARY DATAThe following tabular array shows the consequences got in the different parts dodge nA1GisenyiGoma morsel of parents cognizing about infantile paralysis02Number of parents that have some thought about infantile paralysis2739Number of parents that have no thought about infantile paralysis4329Number of parents that take their kids for inoculation6759Number of parents that do nt take their kids for inoculation311Number of parents that take their kids to the physician when they are ill6433Number of parent that leave their kids place when they are ill429Number of parents that take their kids to witchdoctors when they are ill28Number of parents who boil or put chemicals in the H2O before giving it to their kids418The undermentioned graph shows us the consequences got graph nA1From the graph above we can see that refering the cognition about infantile paralysis the parents in Goma are more cognizant about that disease than the parents in Gisenyi. We can see from the graph that there are more parents in Goma who really know what infantile paralysis is than in Gisenyi. Most of the parents in Gisenyi have no thought of what infantile paralysis is. Some parents even thought that it was a disease caused by malnutrition.The fact that more kids in Gisenyi are vaccinated than in Goma can explicate why there are more instances of infantile paralysis in Goma than in Gisenyi. Howeve r that is non all. From the consequences we can see that there are more parents who take their kids to the physician when they are ill in Gisenyi than in Goma. This is because in Gisenyi the parents have insurance and can afford to take their kids to the hospital when they are ill. In the instance of Goma, the parents do nt hold any insurance and have to pay for themselves. When the parents in Goma were asked why they do nt take their kids to the physician when they are ill, most of them said that they ca nt afford to take their kids to the infirmary. The fact that there are more childs vaccinated in Gisenyi than in Goma can be explained by the fact that less parents in Goma go to the infirmary. Because they have to pay for themselves, they do nt take their kids to the infirmaries believing that they ll hold to pay for the vaccinum.We can see from the statistitics that about 16 % of the female parents do nt take their kids to the infirmary. The fact is that some female parents do n t even give birth in the infirmaries. If they did, the kid would automatically have the first dosage of the vaccinum and the female parent would be told that the vaccinum is free. The households in Goma do nt hold a beginning of gross. Some were husbandmans but can no longer cultivate their farms because they live in refugee cantonments. In fact they ca nt cultivate even if they leaved outside the refugee cantonments because Goma is a part of high volcanic activity. The bulk of the land is covered with larva, there s no manner to works anything at that place.In add-on to that, there are more parents in Gisenyi who boil the H2O or put chemicals in it before giving it to their kids. To the parents who do nt boil H2O or put chemicals in it were asked why they do nt make that. Most of the female parents in Gisenyi answered that since I was immature I neer drunk poached H2O and I m healthy, why should my kid acquire ill if I did nt. those in Goma explained that they ca nt afford to mak e that but if they could, they would boil the H2O before giving it to their kids.The kids in Goma drink H2O that is non purified and are non vaccinated. This is why they get infantile paralysiss while for the kids of Gisenyi, they drink poached H2O and even for those who drink H2O that is non boiled have the insurance that they are vaccinated and that they wo nt acquire polio. There are no instances of infantile paralysis in Gisenyi, so, there s no 1 to convey the disease.The consequence got from my seek can be supported by the unicef statistics about the sanitation, and improved imbibing H2O in Rwanda and in CongoThe tabular array below shows the studies from unicef about the sanitation installations and imbibing H2O. This besides includes the % of kids vaccinated against infantile paralysis. 12 Table nA2Rwandese republicZaire% of population utilizing improved sanitation installations in the rural countries47 %19 %% of population utilizing improved imbibing H2O installations in ru ral countries61 %35 %% of kids immunized against infantile paralysis in entire95 %89 %The fact that the parents in Goma have some thought about infantile paralysis is supposed to do Goma less affected by it than Gisenyi where the parents are non cognizant which is non the instance.This can be explained by the fact that in Goma, even though the parents have some thought about what infantile paralysis is they do nt take their kids for inoculation. The parents in Gisenyi take their kids for inoculation. Most of the parents in Gisenyi do nt cognize why they have to immunize their kids they do it because they were told to make so and that since the vaccinum is free, they do nt free anything by taking their kids for inoculation. For the parents in Goma their job is that they are non stable ( i.e. they move from one topographic point to another ) . Because of the war and the insecurity in Goma, the population keeps traveling. My theory is that due to the instability of the population in G oma, parents do nt take their kids for inoculation. That would explicate the fact that even thought the parents are cognizant about infantile paralysis, they do nt take their kids for inoculation doing them vulnerable to that disease.To verify whether my theory is true, I asked 50 parents from each part some inquiries about their manner of life.The inquiries asked areWhere make you populate? Make you populate in a refugee cantonment or in your ain house?How frequently do you travel ( go forth your house or refugee cantonment ) ?What is the ground of your instability? *When you move do you believe about taking your kid for inoculation? * 13 The tabular array below shows us the consequences gotTable nA3GisenyiGomaNumber of parents populating in a refugee cantonment013Number of parents populating in their ain house5037Number of parents who stay in the same topographic point during the whole twelvemonth4128figure of parents traveling one time in twelvemonth23figure of parents traveling twice a twelvemonth74figure of parents traveling more than twice a twelvemonth015Number of parents taking their kids to inoculation after traveling12The tabular array below shows the consequences in %Table nA4GisenyiGoma% of parents tliving in a refugee cantonment0 %26 %% of parents populating in a house100 %74 %Overall % of parents traveling at to the lowest degree one time in a twelvemonth18 %44 %% of parents taking their kids for inoculation after traveling11.1 %9.09 %The graph below shows us the consequences gotGraph nA2The consequences got support my theory that the parents in Goma do non take their kids for inoculation due to the instability. We can clearly see that in Gisenyi all the parents live in their ain house which is non the instance for Goma. My consequences besides show that there are more parents in Goma who leave their places compared to Gisenyi. The instability of the parents is caused by different grounds in the two parts. In Goma the instability is non merely d ue to the war, it is besides caused by the volcanic activity while in Gisenyi, the instability of the parents is due to their work ( ie move from one topographic point to another harmonizing to seasons ) .More parents in Gisenyi think about taking their kids to inoculation compared to Goma. This could explicate the fact that more kids are affected by infantile paralysis in Goma in the sense that more kids in Gisenyi receive all the doses of the vaccinum compared to Goma. In Goma, when the parents are obligate to go forth the country because of the war, they do nt hold the clip to take the kid for the 2nd dosage because they are busy want to last in hard conditions, and since the vaccinum is non effectual if all the four doses are non given, their kids are susceptible of holding infantile paralysis if they are in contact with the poliovirus.DecisionWith all this we can reason that Goma is more affected by infantile paralysis than Gisenyi because most of the kids in Gisenyi are vacc inated which is non the instance in Goma. The fact that more kids are vaccinated in Gisenyi than in Goma is non due to the handiness of the vaccinum and the consciousness of the parents, it is because in Goma, the parents are more bemused by lasting than by taking their kids for the inoculation. The war is doing the population in Goma live in really hapless conditions. Their kids do nt have all the four doses of the infantile paralysis vaccinum which makes them vulnerable to polio.The deficiency of hygiene in Goma particularly in the refugee cantonments explains the fact that there s more infantile paralysis in Goma than in Gisenyi. The fact that the kids lack hygiene and unrecorded together increases the rate of spreading of the disease.Apart from the fact that there is war in Goma, the people are besides hapless. They do nt hold the clip to take attention of their kids. Most of the parents have many kids and ca nt take attention of them. They are busy the whole twenty-four hours s eeking to acquire some money to feed their kids. When their kid is ill, they either leave the kid place or pray he will be all right shortly or if the disease is grave, they take the kid to the traditional physicians who are less expensive than the modern physicians. Harmonizing to many parents the traditional physicians are more effectual than the modern physicians because they are inexpensive and that they use herbs to bring around, which are better than the pills given by the modern physicians.Most of the parents in Goma cognize how their kids can acquire polio and they know how to avoid it but they merely do nt hold any pick. They ca nt afford to boil the H2O or to set chemicals in it.The ground why Goma has more polio instances is largely due to the war and to the instability of the population. We can see that clearly from the fact that the parents in Gisenyi are less cognizant about infantile paralysis, but since they are stable and that they were told to take their kids for i noculation they take them. They besides have the ability to purchase woodland to boil the H2O.The hazard now is that since Goma and Gisenyi are neighbors and that there are refugees from Goma in Gisenyi, infantile paralysis will distribute and impact kids from Gisenyi besides. That s why the female parents in Gisenyi are sensitised to immunize their kids. Some of them do nt see the intent of inoculation and do nt cognize the hazard they are taking. Because of that, infantile paralysis which was eradicated in Rwanda might come back if all the kids are non vaccinated. Since the two parts portion the same lake and that kids do their faces in near the lake, there s a opportunity that the infantile paralysis virus might distribute through the H2O if the kids drink the H2O without boiling it.

Epistemology: Scientific Method and Knowledge Essay

Epistemology can be difficult to understand and maybe evening harder to say. The short answer is that epistemology is the theory of knowledge. Perhaps that is too short of an answer, allow me expand. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions concerning the temperament, scope, and sources of knowledge. Even these concepts can be foreign to the common public. The nature of knowledge is basically the qualities that constitute knowledge. One would find this answer by asking What is knowledge? The scope of knowledge sets the limits on what is knowledge and is a belief, hypothesis, or guess. A person moldiness prove knowledge. Suppose I generated a completely random number and I asked you what number I was thinking of. If you declared the correct number, does that mean you knew what I was thinking? The source of knowledge secretes how we attain our knowledge. Now that we have established a basic understanding of epistemology, we can cover a few of the major scho ols of thought.When you think ab come out of the closet a persons reasoning process, some people divide a persons thoughts into rational and irrational. If you are one of these people, you would utilization a deductive method of reasoning. You would also be considered a rationalist. As a rationalist, you believe that you can know things for certain even if you have neer experienced it yourself. If you wanted to know which object would hit the ground first, when given two objects with different masses, you could take what you know about physics and figure it out without ever having to actually perform the experiment.There is another group that uses deductive reasoning save argue all ideas trace ultimately back to experiences, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as perceptions and emotions. (IEP, par. 2) These are the empiricists. These individuals claimed that if we didnt have any experiences, we would have nothing to base our ideas off of. Taking a look back at the spokesperson above, you can see that we must know something about gravity. Our ideas on gravity stemmed from the observations of people like Newton. You can now see, through a scant(p)(a) bit of deductive reasoning, how they believe everything is inductive.Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who attempted to combine rationalism and empiricism. It is called the form and matter epistemology. (Quine par 5) The idea is that you need to take into paper your experiences and use deductive reasoning. Quine uses a metaphor involving the statue of Abraham Lincoln. Quine says A statue can have a form such as Abraham Lincoln and a matter such as marble you need both a form and a matter to have a statue. So in knowledge you need a form, which are categories of the mind, and matter which are the data of sensations. What I understand of this is that you cannot experience everything in life so you must use deductive reasoning, but you must experience some things to have a basis for your knowledge. Skepticism is just as it sounds, to question. You may be familiar with the statement I think, therefore I am but may not know what it means, who stated it, and why it was ever said, and how it relates to skepticism. Descartes was looking for a way to prove truths by disproving everything else. He apply two conjectures, the dream conjecture and the evil fiend conjecture.The dream conjecture utilized the fact that the truth could be a figment of the imagination. The evil demon conjecture posed the idea that a malevolent force was distorting reality. Descartes used these two as tools. If a truth could pass these two filters, then therefore it was the truth. What he discovered was that a person could doubt everything except one truth I think, therefore I am Heres how it passed the test. A person must exist to be able to think. To doubt something requires thought. So the act of doubting your own existence proves that you exist.This was a great discovery but Descartes was troubled with other questi ons. Descartes found it difficult to make the mind-body connection. That is, the mind is immaterial and the body is physical, how can something immaterial move something that is material. Parallelism was proposed as a solution. only when put, the mind does not move the arm, the act of willing the arm to move only appears to make the arm move. Two events happen in parallel, the act of willing the arm to move and the arm actually moving.How does it just so happen that these to events happen at precisely the same time? Occasionalism, a variant of parallelism, was offered. A person wills their arm to move and on that occasion a divine power causes the arm to move. Many theories have been set forth, some a little harder to grasp or understand than the others. From the examples above you may begin to understand what epistemology is. You can grasp parts from the short stories above that help explain the nature, scope, and sources of knowledge.Depending on yourposition, all of this inform ation presented could not even be true. You may not really be reading this. You may not even exist, do you doubt it? Works Cited http//pantheon. yale. edu http//www. london-oratory. org/philosophy W. V. O. Quine. Epistemology. 23 Mar 2004 The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Continental Rationalism. 23 Mar 2004 Chapter 6-Philosophy-The Rise of Modern Metaphysics and Epistemology Chapter 7-Philosophy-The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries Epistemology-University of Phoenix stave Material.

Physical resources improve the performance of a business Essay

Explain how the direction of human, physical and technological resources back end improve the performance of Thorpe put. In this task, I provide be explaining how Thorpe commonality manage their human, physical and technological resources and how good management of these resources improve their performance. 1. Good management of Thorpe commonaltys physical resourcesPhysical resources ar the man-made tools or equipment needed for the day-to-day running of Thorpe Park. Basically, physical resources ar anything that provides Thorpe Park with the means to perform its business processes. Thorpe Parks rides are in good condition, are safe, are durable and are efficient and this demonstrates the high forethought of their rides. Thorpe Park maintain their rides everyday (sometimes every 2 hours). This also demonstrates the high level of maintenance of their rides. Also, Thorpe Park have a team management team which monitor if there is a high standard of maintenance which creates hi gh standards. The cleanliness and hygiene of Thorpe Parks rides also demonstrates that the rides are being maintained well. How good management of physical resources improves Thorpe Parks performance By Thorpe Park maintaining their physical resources to a very high standard, it increases the health and safety standards. This ensures customer ask and expectations are met and satisfied. Meeting customers needs and expectations ensures absorb business for Thorpe Park and more customers. More customers and repeat business will lead to an increase in ticket gross revenue and more profit. Thorpe Park can then use this extra profit to re-invest into structure new rides, maintaining existing ones.2. Good management of Thorpe Parks human resourcesHuman resources is the set of individuals who make up the workforce of Thorpe Park. It also refers to the division of Thorpe Park that is focused on activities relating to employees. Thorpe Park can manage their human resources well and this can be done through various means. These means are by granting their employees free travel and food, discount on rides for family and friends, premium pay rates and another(prenominal) benefits from being an employee in Thorpe Park. By doing this, the employees of Thorpe Park are motivated to consume their all to customers and be productive. Thorpe Park can manage their human resource well by training their employees. Training isthe ability to give employees skills and knowledge to do their calling properly. They can provide this training for employees through the recruitment process. The process of finding and hiring the best-qualified candidate (from within or outside of an organization) for a job opening, in a timely and cost effective manner. They do this by identifying the need for a new employee, describing who you want through a person specification, describing what you want them to do through a job description, attracting potential employees, analysing candidates strengths a nd weaknesses and selecting the best person for the job.If the potential employee decides to take the job, Thorpe Park can then train the employee. However, if the potential employee decides to reject the job offer, they will have to start the recruitment process again which in the long run wastes time, money and reduces productivity. If the employee is recruited well, they will be able to meet the needs and expectations of customers. How good management of human resource can improve the performance of Thorpe Park By Thorpe Park are able to manage their human resources well, they will be meeting the needs and expectations of their customers. Thorpe Park meeting the needs and expectations allows them to build a good reputation and gives them more customers than their competitors such as Alton Towers, Chessington, Legoland or other any entertainment venues. This will allow Thorpe Park to expand as a business and increase their market share (A percentage of total sales volume in a mark et captured by a brand, product, or company) and the demand for their rides.3. Good management of Thorpe Parks technological resources Technological resources are resources such as software, designs, music, or text. These resources are owned like physical resources and are known as intellectual property. Intellectual property laws allow pot to own ideas and have rights over them. Thorpe Park can manage their technological resources well by constantly checking their programs and making sure they do not crash. They can manage technological resources by updating software regularly and making sure they run smoothly. Also, Thorpe Park have an IT team who specialize in ensuring programs are running smoothly and upgraded and updated regularly. Furthermore, the ticket collection system, the CCTV cameras, security systems, speaker systems, music and Wi-Fi all shows thatthe technological resources in Thorpe Park are being managed well. How good management of technological resources can impro ve the performance of Thorpe Park By Thorpe Park managing their technological resources well, the customers experience is enhanced. This makes the customers of Thorpe Park happy, safe and satisfied because they are able to polish off the outside world and enjoy their stay. This will result in repeat business for Thorpe Park and will allow Thorpe Park to attain more customers which will boost their sales, profit and reputation in the long run.

The PubMed Database

For the purposes of this literature search, the PubMed database that is available through the web Services was utilized. The focus of the research was show and fatigue among medical students and the relationship between stress and depression. For this reason, the following five-spot search terms were used medical students, stress, fatigue, depression, burnout. Because of using these 4 search terms, 11 articles were found. The following provides a summary of information contained in those articles.Stress is a major issue among health safekeeping providers around the world. It professs their ability to provide care to those in need but affecting mostly medical students which idle wordss them to fatigue. This problem really puts a lot of pressure on medical students leading to burnout which may result in depression. Therefore, there should be a mechanism to provide a better spirit of vivification for medical students. The prevalence of various forms of excruciation gather in n ot been thoroughly studied among medical students. So, a survey was conducted in the united states to evaluate stress, burnout, depression, fatigue and other forms of stress in vii medical schools. Almost all the medical students have had some sort of sadness in their academic life. As a result of that, their life quality will mostly be poorer than normal students. The severity of distress depends on how many stressors are present in students life. Based on the survey, all forms of distress were independently associated with suicidal ideation or serious thoughts of dropping out on multivariable analysis 1.There are a lot of various factors that can affect medical students some of which are self-related others are environmental-related. From my point of view, there are mainly two types of students. First, are the ones who are able to cope with stress and that is ascribable to some reasons. One, they have a strong social environment where they get the support they need to pass thro ugh obstacles and get emotional care. Second, they do not need to take part time jobs in order to get money as their parents already provide them enough money.Last but not least, they have not been through serious life stressing situation as maybe losing one or both of their parents or family members which will contribute to their stability of life and not experiencing burnout.While on the other hand, there are the opposite kind of students where they do not have stable social environments, which may lead to a rough stressful life. And also, they may need to manage their own selves in order to get money and that can be very stressful. Furthermore, they would be more promising to experience fatigue and have lower quality of life. Similar to what is written there was a study done in five institutions in the united states where they have done surveys to this matter to 1321 medical students. Results shown that, resilient students were less(prenominal) likely to experience depression, h ad a higher quality of life, were less likely to be employed, had experienced fewer stressful life events, reported higher levels of social support, perceived their learning climate more positively and experienced less stress and fatigue 2.1. Dyrbye LN, Harper W, Durning SJ, Moutier C, doubting Thomas MR, Massie Jr, et al. Patterns of distress in US medical students. Internet. Medical teacher. U.S. National Library of Medicine2. Dyrbye LN, Power DV, Massie FS, Eacker A, Harper W, Thomas MR, et al. Factors associated with resilience to and recovery from burnout a prospective, multi-institutional study of US medical students. Internet. Medical education. U.S. National Library of Medicine 2010

The Impacts of Dams on the Hydrologic Regime

The earliest remains of close ups that archaeologists have unearthed date back to around 5000 A.D.They were constructed as part of a domestic water furnish system for the ancient town of Jawa in Jordan. Over the next few millennia, the building of obstructs for water retention spread throughout the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Southern Asia, China, and underlying America. Later, as technologies increased and industrialization took hold in Europe, jam up mechanisms advanced to incorpo swan watermills. With the advent of the water turbine in 1832 and developments in electrical engineering, the first hydropower shew began running in Wisconsin in 1882 (IRN n. pag.). Over the next few decades, art object structural engineering techniques improved, dams multiplied in size, strength, and numbers worldwide.Today, although the construction of new dams is gamy ( albeit with less vigor in underdeveloped countries) (de Villiers 146 Pielou 206), they atomic number 18 still being buil t around the globe for a multitude of social and economical reasons runoff control, hydroelectric power production, river navigation, irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, emergency water reservation, tourism, and flat-water recreation (e.g., NPDP n. pag. Trout Unlimited 11). For all the benefits that dams provide, however, there are unfavorable results and concerns that arise from manipulating the milieu in such an unnatural manner.Impacts of Dams on the Hydrologic RegimeDams are ultimately created as a water reservoir. This impounding of water impedes the circulation of a river and subsequently changes the hydrology and ecology of the river system and its contiguous environments.Behind a dam, the rise in water level submerges the landscape often displacing people and engorging culturally valuable ruins. Furthermore, biodiversity of the region is forced by the destruction of vegetation and dismissal or extinction of wildlife (Power et al. 887-895). In essence, both the aquatic and land-based ecosystems are damaged by the advent of a dam (Pielou 209).Upstream of the barricade, the once moveing water that housed the riverine habitat becomes still, oxygen depleted, deepens into darkness, temperature stratified, and susceptible to enhanced evaporation which adjusts the entire hydrologic troll (e.g., Pielou 207, 210 Ocean Planet n. pag. Leopold 157). Moreover, drowned vegetation in the stagnant water is subject to rotting and whitethorn thereby pollute the atmosphere and reservoir with methane and carbon dioxide (Leopold 158 Pielou 208).Another change in the water chemistry that alters many river-based systems is the inclusion of heavy metals (and minerals) such as methyl mercury due to reactions between the reservoir bed and the standing water (Pielou 114, 207). If undetected, these toxins may bioaccumulate by moving through the trophic levels of the food web, eventually reaching humans.Aside from the changes in the chemical constituencies of t he water, a dam will also physically adjoin the river by modifying the shape of the channel. This is primarily due to the retention of sediments behind the dam wall. Water that was once entrained with silts has the increased erosive power to degrade the riverbanks downstream while upstream, the deposition process is shallowing and narrowing the river reaches (e.g., Moffat 1116 Pielou 210). These alterations in channel shape can also shift the elevation of the groundwater table and can amplify the severity of the floods that the dams may have been built to prevent (de Villiers 155-56 PCFFA n. pag.).The silting process, though, can have other effects on riverine environments. With the deprivation of sediments, valuable nutrients are withheld from the floodplains and the delta of the river. Ultimately, agricultural land suffers from fertility loss and coastlines recede (e.g., DRIIA n. pag. Pielou 212). In addition to the above noted deterioration of wetland environs, major fish spawn ing and nursing grounds are harmed by the lack of continual silt and gravel replenishment (e.g., Chambers n. pag.).Fish species, nevertheless, are not simply affected by the decreased deposition that occurs below a dam. These, and other aquatic based biota adapted to the natural pulsations of seasonal flooding, can be strained by the regulation of stream flow afforded by a dam (Pielou 145 Leopold 156). Furthermore, moderating the flow may actually retard the entire regime of the river by delaying spring break-up (Pielou 212).Apart from the precipitous effects on the hydrologic cycle and river-based ecosystems thus far noted, there are an extensive number of further reasons to remove a dam. Briefly, a few of these are (Ocean Planet n. pag. Pielou 208-09 Trout Unlimited 17 Leopold 156)x the restoration of anadromous fish migration and subsequent reliant fisheriesx ameliorate conditions associated with damming which promote epidemics such as bilharzia and milariax damming has accelerat ed the rate of earths rotation, displaced the axis of the earth, changed the shape of earths magnetic field, increased the occurrence of seismic events, and influenced sea level changesx dam removal has been shown to improve recreation, tourism, and aesthetics to the associated riverside communitiesx amend the river and groundwater qualityYet for all of the reasons that a dam may be removed, it is often economic and, in part, safety purposes that prompts the decommissioning of a dam. Whether the reservoir has filled with silt, wear-and-tear has taken its toll, or the dam has become obsolete, the benefit of removal may outweigh the cost of maintaining dam mathematical operation (PCFFA n. pag.).Consequences Associated with Dam Removal A Case Study of the Elwha RiverEarly in the 20th century, two hydroelectric dams were built on the Elwha River within the exceptional Peninsula of uppercase State. The Elwha Dam, the first to be constructed (1910), created the Lake Aldwell reservoir 4.9 miles from the mouth of the Elwha river fig. 1. Respectively, 8.5 miles upstream, Lake Mills is contained by the Glines Canyon Dam (1926). Despite their continued success as a viable imaging for Bonneville Power Administration (Meyer n. pag.), the existence and utilization of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams causes detrimental besetment for the ecosystem and native anadromous fish populations of the Elwha River basin (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1995, n. pag.). Thus, per restitution stipulations, the 1992 Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act (the Elwha Act) authorized the secretaire of the Interior to appropriate the two dams (e.g., Winter n. pag.). Measures to remove the dams will be undertaken as sanctioned from the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIS) that followed in 1995.Fig. 1. Map of the Elwha River, Clallam County, Olympic Peninsula, Washington.(Olympic National Park n. pag.)In an effort to remove the dams in a safe, environmentally sound and cost effec tive manner (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Apr. 1996, n. pag.), various procedural alternatives are being considered prior to the implementation of the scheduled 2004 deconstruction. Under the River Erosion alternative, which is the proposed action, the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams would be incrementally removed in succession over a two course of study period with the controlled regulation of natural sediment erosion (e.g., U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Aug. 1996, n. pag.). A dredge and slurry system, a further method of sediment disposal, is an action alternative that has also been study by the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Team (e.g., U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Apr. 1996, n. pag.).Between the inauguration of the Elwha River dams and 1994, it is estimated that 17.7 million cubic yards of sediments has become trapped in the Lake Aldwell and Lake Mills reservoirs (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Aug. 1996, n. pag.). Of that total deposition, just about 4.8 to 5.6 million cubic yar ds of fine-grained alluvium (silts and clays less than 0.075 m in diameter) and 1.2 to 2.6 million cubic yards of coarse grained sediments (sands, gravels, and cobbles greater than 0.075 mm in diameter) will be reintroduced into the Elwha River system through the proposed action (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Apr. 1996, n. pag. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Aug. 1996, n. pag.).In comparison, approximately 6.9 million cubic yards of the fine-grained sediments stand to be directly pumped via a pipeline into the toss of Juan de Fuca if the dredge and Slurry alternative is undertaken (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Aug. 1996, n. pag.). Incremental removal of the dams will be the primary regulation on the rate of sediment withdrawal and will partially effect the resulting term of biological and physical impacts felt on downstream reaches of the Elwha River (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Aug. 1996, n. pag.).An increase of alluvium transport will renew the natural sediment distribution and hydrolo gical flow patterns to their pre-dam character while new channels and wetland habitats will be created in the freshly drained countrys (Foster Wheeler 17). Aggradation of stream load materials will be just about prominent in the low-lying and less circulating shoals, including a revitalization of the Ediz Hook fig. 1 and estuarine beaches (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Aug. 1996, n. pag.). In response to these raised river beds, water elevations are judge to rise, thereby threatening the resources that fall within the 100-year floodplain (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Apr. 1996, n. pag.).Surface water quality is likely to be hampered for two to six years after dam abstraction as turbidity, suspended sediments and dissolved solids flow through the system. Furthermore, water temperatures, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and pH levels will be affected for the interim of dam removal (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Apr. 1996, n. pag.). Turbidity, in turn, will be the chief cause of groundwa ter contamination by infiltration into underlying foundations or well and septic systems (removal (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Apr. 1996, n. pag.).The implementation of all the Proposed Action or Dredge and Slurry alternatives will also impact the native anadromous (indigenious?) and resident populations on the Elwha River. The high sediment regimes, especially those of the River Erosion ersatz (the proposed action), will encumber the migrating fish over the deconstruction process.However in the long term, runs will improve with the staged delayed of dam destruction, fisheries management (including the supplementation fish stocks through hatchery intervention), unrestricted passage up the full stretch of the Elwha River, and the formation of quality spawning grounds and rearing habitats from the released sediments (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Aug. 1996, n. pag.). (steph, this last paragraph seems akward) Moreover, apart from the self-explanatory economic profits of salmon run re storation, the heightened decomposition of dead fish after spawning will significantly enrich nutrients cycling through the riparian area (Munn et al. n. pag.).Magnified numbers of anadromous fish will, too, eventually increase the biotic diversity down the length of the Elwha Basin. In the future wildlife will be haggard to the decaying remains of dead fish and their young even though the immediate disturbances during the removal period may ward off certain animals (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Apr. 1996, n. pag.). Vegetation and marine organisms will benefit from the circulation of organic remains those primarily adapted to sandy substrates will flourish after the initial strain of post-dam sediment conditions (Winter, 2000, n. pag. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Aug. 1996, n. pag.).Prospective momentary consequences to the environment will also include air, traffic, and noise pollution in conjunction with dam destruction and debris conveyance (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Apr. 1996 , n. pag.).This Elwha River case study exemplifies the for the first time probable impacts on the hydrologic cycle and the environmental ecosystems which it encompasses. Successful removal of a dam can, in the end, rehabilitate a region to its natural state. Recovery, however, is not without adverse consequences to the existing regimes and full restoration may take many years.

Biggest Problems Facing Medicare and Problems Key Similarities and Differences Essay

Problems Facing Medi fretfulness and MedicaidThe Federal Government has sponsored Health insurance architectural plans such as Medicare as salutary as the Medicaid. checkup insurance for the elderly, disabled, as easily as low-income Americans are covered by these insurance programs. In 1965, these programs took effect and the Health Care Finance Administration or the HCFA, of the Department of Health and Human Services administered these programs. Health Care coverage is provided by the US government to a variety of groups such as national employees, military personnel, veterans as well as the Native Americans. However, the largest proportion of health care expenditures is accounted by the Medicare as well as Medicaid programs.The program of Medicaid provides Health run as well as residential care to more than 50 million Americans wherein separately has unique personal needs. Medicaid provides payment for prenatal care for or so one-third of the children of the nation, long- term care for more than 20 percent of elderly citizens as well as health safety for people with disabilities are provided. In addition to that several earths works on similar initiative to cover the uninsured. Medicaid are facing severe crisis of sustainability. It was found that since 1990s a typical State was able to see that the medical costs have double the percentage of their budget and it was besides projected that go along disproportionate growth is evident. In 2006, the feature federal as well as State expenditures totaled $320 billion and by 2016, they are projected to reach $580 billion (Making Medicaid Work A Practical Guide for Transforming Medicaid, 2007).The Annual Medicaid Budget Survey Report have indicated that at the beginning of the state fiscal course of instruction 2008, according to the description of the aesculapian Directors, State fiscal situation is generally improving, the state revenues are increasing that allowed Governors as well as the state legi slatures to restore many cuts as well as restrictions that have been adopted during the stinting downswing, and adopt positive changes in Medicaid such as increase in provider payment rates as well as expansion in benefits and eligibility. The State policy decisions for 2007 and 2008, includes a clear focus on improving coverage as well as quality of care provider under the program (Smith V.K., Edwards, B.C. & Tolbert, J. (2008).Across the states, however, signs that the economic climate was changing, emerged just a few months into state fiscal course 2008, in the fall of 2007. Studies have shown that the outlook was no longer positive as it had been in the case early in the state fiscal year (Smith V.K., Edwards, B.C. & Tolbert, J. (2008). polar Issues Facing Medicare and Medicaid trace Issues of MedicaidA lot of key issues, concerns and priorities in mid fiscal year 2008, have been identified by Medicaid Directors. On top of it were the set up of an increase in fiscal stress acr oss states, a lot of federal state issues such as those strikeing Medicaid enrollment and entranceway, as well as their current efforts to address the uninsured (Smith V.K., Edwards, B.C. & Tolbert, J. (2008).Fiscal Stress across the StatesAs described by the directors of the State Medicaid, in the last half calendar 2007, economic situation in a lot of states leveled off unexpectedly and in some cases deteriorated. Results have shown that early in fiscal year 2008, the revenues came in to a lower place projections on which the state policy makers had based the state budget. Based on the report as the state approached the mid-point in fiscal year 2008, the outlook for the immediate future was less optimistic than it had been at the beginning of the year.The directors of Medicaid had also described in the budget survey that at the beginning of state fiscal year 2008, they strongly sense that the state economies were rebounding as compared to the recent years, according to recent rates of growth in state revenues. Due to Annual changes in each states federal Medicaid matching rate, the states budget is affected. It would be difficult to achieve significant Medicaid cost savings now than it had been during the last economic downturn and Medicaid cost control actions are not often easy and almost always have impacts on the effectiveness of the program (Smith V.K., Edwards, B.C. & Tolbert, J. (2008).Issues of the Federal-StateThe recent federal regulative changes are adverse to the states, according to Directors of Medicaid, and it will provide negative impact on the programs including the proposed changes regarding the Medicaid benefit design as well as the Medicaid financing arrangements. They also have singled out the Health Information Technology as an example of the state-federal relations moving in a positive way (Smith V.K., Edwards, B.C. & Tolbert, J. (2008).Improving rise to power in MedicaidIn Medicaid the issue of access had been perennial because of generally lower rates of provider reimbursement in most of the states, occasional budget-driven cuts or freezes, as well as rate increases occurring at certain intervals when authorized by state legislatures. Few providers of specific types as well as commercially insured patients encountered access business for certain specialists such as psychiatrists, pediatric specialists in some states. Directors have also expressed concern over access to oral as well as mental health services. It was observed that in many states there are few dental health providers who participate in the Medicaid program. Moreover, confederacy has not been improved just by the rate of increases. In fact, one state reported that despite the rate adjustments, even dental clinic of public university would no longer serve Medicaid patients. In addition to that, while access to mental health services suffers from overlook of providers, the issue gets more complicated by the lack of resources and need to coor dinate with other agencies in order to provide non-medical services (Smith V.K., Edwards, B.C. & Tolbert, J. (2008).Enrolment in MedicaidThe total Medicaid enrollment dropped by -0.5% in fiscal year 2007on average across all states, with increase enrollment for almost half of the states and decrease enrollment for over half of the states. Reports indicated that Medicaid caseload was showing flat or continued downward-sloping caseload trend, and in addition to that, several state indicated that their current projections had been revised upward. Where the caseload was now increasing, the upward caseload trend was thought to be associated with a more unemployed economy (Smith V.K., Edwards, B.C. & Tolbert, J. (2008).The Health Care Reform and Covering of the UninsuredThe Governors, as reported by the Medicaid directors are interested in reforming the health care brass as well as the strategies to reduce the number of individuals who do not have health insurance coverage. A lot of sta tes have proposed initiatives to address the problem of the continuous increase of the number of uninsured nationally. In some states their goal is universal coverage, on the other hand, others focused on increasing coverage options for the targeted populations (Smith V.K., Edwards, B.C. & Tolbert, J. (2008).Key Issues of MedicareOne of the major problems of Medicare program is that financing mechanisms of Medicare will not be able to sustain it in the long run. Another concern is that the structure of the program which in large measure reflects health care delivery and political considerations in effect at the enactment, has failed to keep pace with the changes in the health care system as a whole. A lot of individual suggest that in order to address this problems major structural reform are required. However, to others the breathing system should be improved rather than replaced. As of now, there has been no consensus reached. The major focus in the recent years has been on provi ding prescription drug coverage for beneficiaries. According to some observers, it would not be appropriate to add new costly benefit before structural reforms are enacted, while others tell that seniors, particularly low-income seniors, should not be required to wait for benefits until resolution of the entire restructuring issue (OSullivan, Chaikind, and Tilson, 2001).Program financing is the major concern to policy makers. Another authorised issue that they are facing is whether the program has responded to changes in the health care delivery.Another issue is fraud in Medicare. Sometimes beneficiaries are not safe, that is wherefore Medicare is working hard in order to protect them from being a victim of fraud (Quick Facts About Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage and Protecting Your personal Information).Key similarities of the ProblemBoth Medicare and Medicaid are having problems in sustaining the program.The biggest problem that the Federal Government is facing is fraud in Medicare as well as Medicaid. They offer to address the problem by teaching the beneficiaries of Medicare and Medicaid on how to avoid being the victims of fraud, waste and abuse. Mr. Clarkson stated that everyone is at stake in this since the money lost, in these practices has an impact on premiums and deductibles and could result in cutbacks to these programs (Medicare Fraud, 2008).

Feminism and Sexuality in Eudora Welty’s Delta Wedding Essay

Eudora Weltys Delta espouse is a very complex novel, in spite of the app arnt simplicity of the plot at first sight, the account only describes the family life of the Fairchilds in the Mississippi Delta. The book only covers approximately one week of the year 1923 and revolves around the preparations for the wedding and the wedding itself of the prettiest daughter of the family, Dabney Fairchild to troy weight Flavin. Although the plot is quite simple, the book is crammed with numerous characters and the intricate web of relations between them, and has a rich symbolism. First of all in all, the text reveals Weltys ideas about fellowship and the perception of reality the numerous voices in her fiction take over different sorts of looking at reality and of knowing, and the author emphasizes these differences.Ellen and George seem to be the characters that have a way of looking at the creation which comes very close to that of Welty herself. Her fiction imitates the same pattern of knowing, by leaving out reason and regular thought, and apprehending the surrounding universe in its wholeness, as when one contemplates a landscape without thinking of anything else, as nine year old Laura does, when she looks out of the window of the lease Thoughts went out of her head and the landscape filled it.(Welty, 1946, p. 4)Thus, Weltys fiction seems to borrow the technique of photography by capturing in a single shot both(prenominal) the apparent reality and the essence of this reality. As Welty nonices in her essay, Writers Beginnings quoted by Carson (1992), the role of writing is to discharge one single picture of the midland and external aspect of every thing, or as Carson puts it, to put two pictures in a single frameA lamp I knew of was a sentiment of London till it was lit but then it was the Great Fire of London, and you could go beautifully to sleep by it. The lamp alight is the combination of internal and external, lambency at the imagination as one and so is the good novel. Seeing that these inner and outer surfaces do lie so close together and so implicit in each other, the wonder is that human life so often separates them, or appears to, and it takes a good novel to put them back together.(Carson, 1992, p.17)The world of the Fairchilds, as described in Delta Wedding, is rich and complex precisely because the reader constantly gets the impression he is looking at more pictures in a single frame at the same time, or at more layers of reality the glimpses into the inner lives of all the characters which seem to appear on the scene all at once plus the picturesque descriptions of the Southern world, with its customs and traditions make up a very complex tableau, which perfectly imitates the impressions we may have when reviewing our daylight-to- day lives. The world of the Fairchilds which seems to be so particular and impermeable as to be a world in itself, with its own spirit, can be extended in fact as a picture of human soc ieties in general.The world of the plantations is a world dominated by women, by their culture and femininity, which resemble that of Virginia Woolf. This is not to say however, that the women actually have the power in since their rule is expressage to the life of the household and the family, while being completely separated from the rest of the world. Still, the limited universe of the household is like a matriarchy, in which motherhood, nursing and all the trivial affairs related to daily life, like cooking are the close to potent symbols. It is very important to note thus that Weltys feminism consists precisely of maintaining the traditional in her fiction and, at the same time fount the ways to freedom for the women, be that sexual or intellectual.There are many signs of the assertion of female sexuality, especially in Robbies relation to George for example, or in Shelleys rejection of marriage and implicitly, of male domination. Sexuality, as the affirmation of the female b ody, best represents the idea of freedom and liberation of the woman, who no longer avoids her own identity. Robbies desire of finding her place in her own marriage through her sexuality is very significant for Weltys presentation of the women.Thus, Welty represents a powerful powder-puff world, in which, although all the traditional patriarchal patterns are still preserved, the women impose their own modes of thinking and their own identity through the very traditions which are considered to be the reason for their enslavement. Thus, in many parts of the story the traditional way of thinking of the aunts imposes itself over and over again. For example, although the aunts know that Dabney is probably pregnant and is forced to career into the marriage with Troy, they keep silent on the theme, not being willing to inquire further than the mere surface of facts, as Dabney complainsThey dont make me say if I love Troy or if I dont, Dabney was thinking, clicking her heels in the pantry . But by the time she came back to the porch, the flowers in a mason jar of water, she knew she would never say anything about love after all, if they didnt want her to. Suppose they were afraid to ask her, little old aunts. (Welty, 1946, p.48)As Carson comments, the aunts military strength is cause exactly by the way in which the Fairchilds are used to look at the world they always stay on the surface of things and relations, comprehend happiness and love everywhere, without really being aware of their or of the others identity as individuals One of the reasons the family fails to know each other as individuals is that they are so conscious of each other as part of the family.(Carson, 1992, p. 78) This way of knowing seems to be proper of the Fairchild spirit, and is the same as Carson (1992) describes as tyrannical, attempting at categorizing and dividing everything, sort of of looking for the essence of realityThe knowledge that deals only with facts the knowledge that aims at control and manipulation the knowledge that puts things and people into boxes and bottles and categoriesthis is tyrannical knowledge, and it is the way of knowing that most people settle for. Georges knowing is different. He could have lifted a finger and touched, held the butterfly, but he did not (p. 37) without possessing the butterflyand thus by chance killing ithe makes it part of himself. (Carson, 1992, p. 83)As Ellen perceives it, the essence of life consist of the repetitions and the cycles and even the monotony of everything The repeating fields, the repeating cycles of season and her own life there was something in the monotony itself that was beautiful, rewardingperhaps to what was womanly within her. No, she had never had timemuch time at all, to contemplate but she knew. (Welty, 1946, p. 240)This negation of reasoning, and the impressionist way of looking at reality are again a sign of the femininity that dominates the world Welty describes. It is clear then, that in this restricted social circle the women are powerful precisely because they dominate through their pattern of thinking as well as through their mastery of the household the women of the Fairchilds who since the Civil War, or who knew? since the Indian times, ran the household and had everything at their fingertips not the men.(Welty, 1946, p.8)Ann Romines who discuses feminism in Delta Wedding emphasized the recurrence, among the other symbols for the household, of the cakes and recipes, which are somehow blended with the womens thoughts To read Delta Wedding, one essential follow the cues suggested by the Delta womens culture one must read the cakes. The novels women are practiced in such reading.Next day, when offered a slice of Ellens completed cake, Aunt Tempe takes one bite and exclaims, Oh, Mashulas coconut (Romines, 1997, p. 603)Thus, the recipes which blend with womens thoughts in the text signal a self-coloured female culture, which does not however deny the traditi onal role of the woman in society. The feminism of the novel is constructed thus without departing from tradition and Welty points thus to the fact that a feminine culture has always existed, even if it manifested itself differently from the male culture.Reference ListCarson, B. H. (1992). Eudora Welty two pictures at once in her frame. Troy Whitston.Romines, A.(1997). Reading the cakes Delta Wedding and the texts of Southern womens culture. The Mississippi Quarterly, 50 (4) 601-609Welty, E. (1946). Delta wedding. New York Harcourt, Brace & World.

Case Study Illy Cafe

About Illy Company background and description The biography of illycaffe is linked to the lives of the teleph irs founder, Francesco Illy, and his family. Francesco in 1933 set up a business in the cocoa and chocolate sector, and then decided to concentrate exclusively on chocolate. Nowadays the illy group is made up of several companies located in North America, France, Germany, Spain and Benelux. Product Illy serves java to its nodes. They insist on the fact that thither atomic number 18 non dish outing basic coffees exactly the iodine which is a result of Scientifics research.They urgency to serve the best coffee due to a result of a long experience, knowledge of coffee biology and chemis study, actually good skill at roasting, enabling technologies, and as well a familys entrepreneurial passion. They ar besides sell products which fit to the coffee world same(p), machines, capsules and overly accessories. Revenue In 2007 turnoer amounted to $221. 000. 000. In 2 011 the turnoer was $342. 000. 000. There is a real increase everywhere the years. Customers 70% of its sales circuit cafes, hotels and restaurants, 20% for individuals and 10% in companies, these are illys customers.Illy has developed solutions for piffling restaurants, small hotels, cafes and other(a) places of conviviality where coffee consumption is low hardly still pauperization a perfect coffee. The ac party unfolds machines meeting the needs of its business customers. To match with its image of crotchety coffee Illy is increase partnerships with the biggest names in tourism Meridien and Hyatt. The go with also Illy customers offices, employees may have during their break espresso from the cross. To do this, Illy provides the I-Espresso and offers a complete range.Also Illy own its own bars called Illy bar, so the customer can go there and have a coffee in the caller-outs halo. It is also possible to buy coffee marque for personal use at home. The website offers t he purchase of cafe, cafe machine but also derivatives (eg cups). approximately of its customers are the professionals (served in more(prenominal) than 50,000 public places) but Illy is developing the Illys bar to earn an atmosphere for the company. Location Illycaffe was founded in Trieste in Italy. Nowadays the Illy group is a multinational organization that operates in more than 140 countries across the 5 continents.The main commercializeplaces for Illy are US, Europe and lacquer. Employees The company has about 700 employees. Industry With a turnover of 695 million and a growth of over 30% per year since 2001, the European leader in espresso is Nespresso. The level of competition that Illy faces differs according to the sectors, for deterrent example in the Hotel, Restaurant and Cafe sector the main competitors are Starbucks and Lavazza. Whilst in the coffee machines and coffee capsule systems the main competitor is Nespresso from Nestle group. The competition in both(pr enominal) sectors is quite intense with Starbucks and Nestle having global reach.The advantages these companies have over Illy are their vast economies of scale, blind drunker suckers and gamyer customer reach. Mission and vision The mission produce and deliver the best coffee that nature can offer for connoisseurs and those who leave appreciate it with a special attention to methods of growing and processing the most suitable and sustainable. They want to create an emotional experience by dint of the degustation of their coffee. The vision being an innovative company, proud of its history rooted in the contemporary and time to come-oriented.Combine art, science and experience to offer the best products. They have for vision to be recognized as a world reference for coffee culture and excellence, ti be the origin choice of professionals. The values passion for excellence, the pursuit of perfection and ethics, the valuation of individual talent and teamwork. The desire to adva nce the lives of all those involved in the coffee kitchen stove. Attention to people and the environment. Illy Coffee Alternatives Selection 1)Problem definition how to arrive more responsible (=sustainable) coffee producer without losing the revenues/customers/ timberland.The original goal of Illy was to provide best coffee to customers, but the good quality coffee does not necessarily mean responsibly produced coffee. So many coffee growing countries use unethical growing practices which red-faceduces the price of 1 kg of coffee from the husbandman, but jeopardizes the company? s ethical image. Thus now Illy needs to balance three aspects quality, profitability and ethical aspect, which is a heavy occupation, since it involves the whole add together mountain chain and for the company of such scale of operation to solve this problem will be extremely difficult (140 countries on 5 continents).Plus this challenge is also industry impelled all big coffee companies are movin g towards sustainability of supply chain, and greater awareness of the customers about these issues directly can give a coffee company superfluous competitive advantage. 2)First of all before we delimit alternatives and solutions, we need to clarify, what responsible coffee business means. Although sustainability has been defined in a variety of ship canal over the past several decades, the Brundtland Report (1987) has provided the most widely-accepted and enduring definition at the international level.According to the Brundtland report sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.. In relation to coffee business Acting Responsibly involves a complex activity spread over whole supply chain -Environmentally related bear in mind environmental impacts of coffee exertion (technified or mono-culture growing practices impact, rain forests, pesticides, waste water and etc. -Soci al aspects well-being of farmers and their families (minimum fair price limits, no price dumping, child labor prevention) -Business-wise when all actions and decisions taken are analyzed in terms of long goals of the company, current and future benefits for stakeholders and preserving viability of the company. With responsible business and supply chain model in mind a multinational like Illy might choose one of few alternative pathways -Marketing based approach market the idea under a good sauce to your customers.Might involve working with few sustainable/ fundamental pilot farms and making public aware of this, or introducing your own quality standard, like own coffee bar standard of Starbucks. This alternative does not involve kick initional be, or reengineering of supply chain, it is more like victimisation of Responsible practices idea. But it might create additional revenues due to the fact that company can sell responsible coffee with even bigger price margin. Time wis e this idea might be implemented quite quickly. -Supplier related approach.This involves responsible purchasing dodging control and assessment on the level of bigger supply chain units cooperatives/processing plants/exporters. Does not require complete reengineering of whole supply chain or additional costs related to separate farmers support/educational programs. More time consume selection, assessment of existing and new suppliers might take time. Does not really fit with Illy, since its strategy has ever been close work with separate farmers. -From bottom to top strategy every level of supply chain needs to be re-thought.Company needs to realize the importance of each individual farmer (f. ex through payment of Fair trade or responsible farming bonuses to ensure the sustainable existence of farmer communities), not only use quality control (Illy is already working with ISO quality control standards) but rather keep an eye on whole production and processing process. Moreow ever, the efficiency of packing, logistics and transportation should be analyzed and improved which will result in eliminating or reducing the costly, non-environmentally-friendly steps.But doing this Illy might incur additional costs (because now it will have to pay more for raw material), which can however be offset not at the expense of the responsible customer (who is ready to pay more for responsibly produced coffee), but rather through improving the efficiency of the whole supply chain, which will reduce the reasonable COGS. This strategy involves extensive cooperation with all other stakeholders in coffee business working on and adhering to commonly accepted quality and sustainability standards (like Fair Trade label, Utz coffee, RA and etc. , cooperation with local research institutes to introduce set out apart and more sustainable farming practices for growers, or even bringing together all main players like Sara Lee, Nestle and the European branch of Kraft did in 200 2 by creating of the Common Code for the Coffee Community, a multi-stakeholder initiative aimed at increasing sustainability and responsibility awareness in the coffee sector. 3)While choosing the alternative, we have been guided by Illy? s strategy, code of conduct and long-term benefits of the decision to the company.We do not want any satisficing decision, we want to optimize the whole system company has a lot of strengths, we can use them to build up more powerful structure. We want our customers to get only the best coffee, but we also want to do it responsibly. If there is any decision to be taken, which will involve not only additional costs or revenue growth, but also extensive long-run improvement of the whole business model, we will chose this decision. Meaning, that we will opt for alternative number 3. 4)Implementing the decision.Improve the technology and introduce Integrated Process management to sawed-off production and logistics costs and reduce business complexity to offset the costs of high quality coffee. The company buys coffee beans directly from farmers that reduce the higher prices in the spot market. The shipping and the supply of coffee beans from farmers to the company is carried out by company under strict supervision and inspections. This shows that the bargaining power of suppliers is low with companys commitments to provide higher quality coffee to the customers.There is a need to create a strategy for the developing economies especially the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) which will in future suit key markets. A safe meet would be to create an alliance with a local partner who has expertise in the local markets, cultures and political science for example in India and China which are very big geographically, population-wise and culture-wise the local partner will add immense value in launching and growing the Illy products in a way that best suits that ill-tempered market. 5)Results Evaluation might be performed in several steps.On one hand, we will analyse the actual execution if the revenue and market share is growing, if COGS are decreasing due to better efficiency, this means the strategy has been elect and implemented right. On the other hand we need to understand the degree of customer awareness of our strategy that means answering the question did all these changes happen because we turned to more responsible business, or it was further due to other favourable factorsIn this case customer opinion must be smooth and analysed.Competitors reaction and Illys response What can the competitors do? There is a wide variety of ways from fair competition by improving the quality or reducing the price to unfair battle, consisting for example of running a systematic smear and defamatory campaign against a competitor, both directly and indirectly (on the internet and through certain machine distributors), designed to put consumers off buying Illy? s coffee.Some competitors try to do their own investigation to uncover the unsustainable practices within supply chain (sometimes a company itself has no idea what sub-sub-suppliers are doing) and make sure that it leaks to mixer networks. Illy should in its turn double-check the standards and practices within its supply chain to avoid bad rumor spread, and be proactive have active campaign in social media to create awareness of its brand and customers loyalty. SWOT Tangible Product The product which is coffee is very fine.So the foundation of the brand which is the basic product is solid Basic Brand Illy brand is is a red background with white lettering. You will also find Illy in plain bold red lettering. I believe is to attract the attention of the people. This logo has been used since (1980). The core elements for Illy are a strong brand name, high quality, attractive packaging and design The Augmented brand Illy has added value to their brand by selling fresh beans in sealed cans, also giving the consumer the option to h ave it grind whether they want it bold, decaffeinated, caffeinated. hey also have tablet which goes inside espresso machines sold in any illy location. . The main factor is that along with high quality the brand is also associated with high price and hence is getting restricted to a recess market only The Potential Brand When consumers only rely their morning coffee on the Illy brand than Illy has made their mark, even though in many other key markets like Italy it has been a major(ip) success, but it still needs to win other important key market like Japan and China.There are in all six products that will be analysed here, premium coffee, coffee pods for machines, ready to present canned coffee, Agrimontana, the confectionary products, Domori the chocolate business and Dammann Feres the tea brand. Leader Coffee Try Harder All the small brands come under this sector but mainly the pods of coffee business Double or Quit reversal has partner up with the Illy brand to make up a cann ed coffee business in which the coffee will be sold to the consumer.Custodial Is similar to the cash cow concept in BCG, this would be the chocolate business Cash Generator this is undoubtedly the premium coffee business Phased withdrawal this is a difficult one to point but it seems the confectionary business is the most likely candidate as it is not generating as much growth or profits as it should Divest Again a difficult one but once again the wine or confectionary products in the Illy portfolioKey Points Analysis Illy has a strong brand and is associated with high quality and premium pricing The company has shown impressive growth despite street corner The key strategic partnerships like the one with Coca Cola company for canned coffee are proving to be the real winners The group needs to focus its attention on the sister brands and needs to publish the well-established Illy rand image to these sister concerns There is an urgent need to improve the sales and awareness of the sister companies The company applies to its R, supply chain and marketing expertise to grow its coffee products like coffee pods and machines There is a need to create a strategy for the developing economies especially the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) which will in future become key markets The company needs to constantly re-invent the ways to sustain customer interest in its brand and its products, just like the Universita del caffe. Strenghts Strong retail store operations50,000+ events in which illy is involved annually planetary and more than 6 million cups are consumed each day. -Wide geographic presence 140 countries where illy is available -Top-quality utmost product 4 major certifications for quality and sustainability, 4 company-founded research facilities, 4 of 8 major world(a) coffee industry innovations, This is a known and appreciated throughout the world for high quality and unique taste. The company has followed a strategy, which has a high focus on qu ality and consistency of their products -Experience created in 1933 asylum The first,pressurized packaging, came in 1934, just one year after the companys founding. By adding inert atomic number 7 gas under pressure, an oxygen-free environment forms as illy cans are sealed, preserving essential aromas and promoting mingling of coffees course occurring oils. Result coffee that not only stays fresher longer than under any other packaging method, but whose flavor is actually enhanced over time by its surroundings. The second, came just one year later, in 1935 the Illetta, precursor of the modern espresso machine that, for the first time, separated pressure and heating elements.Result espresso that is consistently round, rich and balanced, not bitter or burnt-tasting. 1974 saw illys third revolutionary invention pre-tamped, pre-dosed, like an expert ground espresso in single serve paper pods. Result delightful espresso in reach of anyone, anyplace at home, at the office, or at a fa vorite cafe or restaurant. The system, called ESE (Easy parcel Espresso) became an industry standard. Another strength is the strong supply chain right from the coffee bean farmers to the suppliers, Illy has maintained strict quality control and good relations creating value for everyone involved.Weaknesses sluggish growth rate / Investments needful (coffee machines that support the proprietary Opportunities -Business expansions Gruppo illy includes Domori premium chocolate (acquired July 2006) Dammann Freres the legendary French purveyor of tea (March 2007) Mastrojanni critically lauded winery in Montalcino, Italy (September 2008) Agrimontana high- quality jams and marron glace (stake acquired December, 2005) -Rising hotel and food service industry in Italy Rising trends in coffee exports 56% share of illy coffee enjoyed outside of Italy, 200+ espressamente illy coffee bar locations worldwide -10% rate growth market -Been recognized from the market as the high-and-might y market -Scientific research genetics, agronomy, botany, physics, mathematics, chemistry, biochemistry, biology, engineering, physiology and psychology. All areas explored in the four laboratories illy. -Quality and sustainability Sustainability has three-fold implicationsat illy economic, social and environmental. Ready to drink coffee business partnering with Coca Cola will attract global customers and create newer segments for the companys products -There is a need to create a strategy for the developing economies especially the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) which will in future become key markets. Threats -Highly competitive market Key competitors Caffee Negro Group, Luigi Lavazza, Segafredo Zanetti, Starbucks Corporation -Risk of battle in dominating the market by multinationals Nespresso -Economic crisis Most of the global markets including nearly all the major markets that Illy perates in have suffered from late(a) credit crisis and economic downturn -While expanding globally the major risk involved is the supply of high quality premium coffee beans -The inconsistency in the growth of the sister brands and their chare in the portfolio creates a real curse of losing these brands at some point if they get totally overshadowed by the coffee business. At this point, Illy needs to take up the growth rate and growing strategies of these newly acquired brands to keep them profitable.