Barley: The Versatile Crop :: Botany

Barley The Versatile CropBarley is a very important grain in the world today. It is very versatile in any way. It has been well adapted through its evolution. It has a very mysterious and very much debated beginning. Now however, barely has become well known and so deliver its many uses. Barley, which is of the genus Hordeum, is a cereal that belongs to the grass family Poaceae. Barley has many contrastive varieties. The most common is Hordeum vulgare, which is a six-rowed type of barleycorncorn that has a spike notched on opposite sides with three spikelets on for each one notch. At each notch there is a flower or floret that posterior develops into a kernel. Hordeum distichum is a devil-rowed type of barley that has central florets producing kernels and it has lateral florets that are sterile. Lastly there is Hordeum irregulare which has robust central florets and different arrangements of sterile and fertile lateral florets. This is the least polite species of the three main forms (2). Barley is very adaptable to various environments. In fact, it is the most adaptable of the cereals. Barley is an annual grass that has two suppuration seasons, winter and spring. It does best in the spring in a equable zone with a 90 day growing season, it can as well as be found growing in sub-arctic regions, like in Alaska or in Norway, with very short growing seasons (1). Barley also has a very good resistance to dry heat compared to other scurvy grains. This feature allows it to grow near desert areas such as north Africa (2). Barley has a very debatable origin. There are two different thoughts as to where barley was primarily cultivated. J.R Hardin says that barley cultivation originated in Egypt. There is evidence of barley grains found in pits and pyramids of Egypt over 5000 years ago. There has also been antiquated glyphs or pictorials showing barley dating back to 3000 BC. There apply also been references to barley and beer making in ancient Egyptia n and Sumerian writings. (4). The other thought is that barley was originally cultivated in China around 1500-2000 BC. This is evident by ancient pottery found depicting the end of the famine by having barley fall out of the sky (2). Barley cultivation also seems to have been evident in other parts of the world at later times. For example northwestern Europe is estimated to have civilizations cultivating barley around 3000 BC.